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Research Proposal范文

发布时间:2021-10-26 14:48:08 阅读:3585 作者:致远教育 字数:1616 字 预计阅读时间:4分钟
导读:在ResearchProposal阶段,学生应与CM教员讨论他们的研究兴趣,确定研究主题,进行初步文献审查并制定项目建议。ResearchProposal应讨论问题陈述,大约3-5页的目标、研究方法、研究活动和时间表。本文为大家分享一篇ResearchProposal范文供...

一个研究项目或论文至少需要两个学期才能完成。在开始研究之前,即参加第一学期的研究课程,学生必须经过Research Proposal写作阶段。在此期间,学生将制定他们的计划书,并由其研究顾问进行审查。这意味着学生在第一学期开始前需要数月的规划和背景研究工作,未经批准,学生不得参加研究课程。

Research Proposal范文

对于计划在秋季学期开始研究的学生,提交Research Proposal(给您的导师)的截止日期是7月。对于计划在春季学期开始的学生,截止日期是12月。在Research Proposal阶段,学生应与CM教员讨论他们的研究兴趣,确定研究主题,进行初步文献审查并制定项目建议。Research Proposal应讨论问题陈述,大约3-5页的目标、研究方法、研究活动和时间表。

本文为大家分享一篇Research Proposal范文供大家参考。

A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management

(给你的项目提供一个简短而有意义的标题)

1.Introduction 

Every construction project is unique and has its own operating environment and sets of technical requirements. As a result, the execution of a construction project is subject to numerous constraints that limit the commencement or progression of field operations, which invariably have significant negative impact on overall project performance. By definition, constraints refer to any condition, such as temporal/spatial limitations and safety/quality concerns, which may prevent a project to achieve its goals. Successful execution and control of a construction project relies on effective identification and management of constraints through master planning and short-term look-ahead scheduling. While the master schedule provides a global view of a project and the overall execution strategy, a look-ahead schedule offers a detail account of operational constraints and a detailed plan showing work to be done within a relatively short time window. Ideally, these detailed schedules should reflect actual field conditions and provide field personnel with operation instructions free of constraints and conflicts (Hinze 2008). This look-ahead scheduling and constraint analysis procedure is also a critical component of the last-planner methodology proposed by Ballard (2000). This research project will provide an overview of state-of-art schedule constraint analysis practice during look-ahead scheduling. In addition, it will propose a conceptual framework for managing constraints.

评价:背景或介绍部分描述了研究领域的基本事实和重要性——您的研究领域是什么、研究的动机以及它对行业实践/知识进步的重要性如何?

2. Problem Statement

The importance of developing a constraint-free and reliable work plan has long been recognized by the industry. However, numerous construction projects are still plagued by delays and cost overruns, which can frequently be traced to ineffective identification and treatment of constraints. First, when a constraint is not properly identified during scheduling, subsequent conflicts in the field are inevitable. Today’s projects are becoming more and more technically complex and logistically challenging, which exposes construction operations to even more complex constraints. Second, the traditional scheduling methods, bar charts and Critical Path Method (CPM) which are widely used as a basis for constraint analysis, greatly limit our capability in modeling and resolving constraints.

during look-ahead scheduling. These methods have long been blamed for their limitations in modeling and communicating constraints, including inability to cope with non-time-related precedence constraints and difficulty to evaluate and communicate inter-dependencies at the field operation level (e.g. Sriprasert and Dawood 2002; Chua and

Shen 2001). In summary, there is a need for a better understanding of constraints in construction and a structured approach in identifying and modeling constraints to ensure a constraint-free work plan. More specifically, the following research questions need to be addressed:

(1)What are the typical constraints found in various construction projects?

(2)How to classify these constrains for easier identification and modeling?

(3)What are the current industry practice as well as research advancements in modeling and resolving constraints? How to unify the constraint classification knowledge and various constraint modeling efforts into a framework for total constraint management?

评价:问题陈述提供了对需要解决的问题的清晰简洁的描述——您将解决的该研究领域的具体问题是什么(例如,对某个主题缺乏理解,表现不佳……)?

3. Objectives 

The long term goal of the research is to develop a formalized constraint management system. Constraint management is defined herein as the process of identifying, classifying, modeling, and resolving constraints. The objective of the current study is to provide a comprehensive review of literatures and industry practices in relation to constraint analysis and outline a conceptual framework for constraint management. Particularly, the study has the following sub-objectives: 1. To provide a comprehensive review of sources and characteristics of constraints typically found in construction projects; 2. To develop a constraint classification method for easier constraint identification and modeling; 3. To review current industry practices and researches in regards to constraint modeling; 4. To outline a conceptual framework for total constraint management. The result of this study will be valuable to the industry practitioners as well as related software providers in developing better practice and tools for constraint management and look-ahead scheduling. 

评价:目标提供了将通过拟议研究实现的目标列表——有哪些好处/影响(例如更好的理解,提高生产力……),研究问题是否得到解答?

4. Preliminary Literature Review

A preliminary literature review shows that past studies are primarily focused on understanding and modeling a particular type of constraint, such as technological, contractual, resource, spatial, and information constraints. Limited progress has been made on classifying various constraints according to their characteristics in a comprehensive manner. In terms of modeling and resolving constraints, various approaches have been recommended. For example, many CPM-based methods are applied to deal with time-related constraints; knowledge-based systems were used to automate work plan generation; network-based optimization algorithms were developed to resolve constraints; and databases and visualization techniques, such as 3D, 4D, and Virtual Reality (VR), are used to communicate and visualize constraints. What is missing from the past studies is a comprehensive and structured approach in managing constraints in construction projects.

评价:初步文献综述:提供先前相关文献的总结对研究问题及其优势和劣势的研究以及您研究的理由——其他人知道/做过什么?而且,为什么你的研究仍然是必要的?

5. Methodology 

The primary research method for this study is literature review and conceptual modeling. Constraint identification and classification through a structured approach is the very first step toward a “zero-constraint” environment. This study will first review various types of constraints in construction and their characteristics. Based on this understanding, a classification method will be developed to categorize constraint factors for the purpose of constraint identification and modeling. In the second stage of this study, existing constraint modeling methods will be identified based on a comprehensive review of current industry practices and academic researches. Finally, once the constraint classification and modeling techniques are identified, a conceptual framework for total constraint management will be outlined. This study will be conducted between September 2010 and May 2011.

评价:研究方法定义了研究方法和逻辑步骤——做什么以及如何解决问题并实现建议目标?将使用哪些研究方法(例如调查、建模、案例研究……?如有必要,附上项目进度表)

References 

Ballard, G. (2000). “Last planner system of production control.” Ph.D. Dissertation. Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Chua, D. and Shen, L. J. (2001). “Constraint modeling and buffer management with integrated production scheduler.” Proceedings of International Conferences on Lean Construction 2001, Singapore. Hinze, J. W. (2008). Construction planning and scheduling, 3rd ed. Pearson, NJ. Sriprasert, E. and Dawood, N (2002). “Requirements identification for 4D constraint-based construction planning and control system.” Proceedings of CIB W78 conference – distributing knowledge in building, Aarhus, Danmark.

评价:所有非原创的事实材料必须附有对其来源的引用。请使用 ASCE 关于参考和引用风格的指南。

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